Technical information

It is an element with atomic number 56. It is found in nature as oxidized FeO-Fe2O3-Fe3O4. Since the early ages, human beings have obtained iron by reducing iron ore with Carbon, that is, connecting oxygen to iron to carbon by releasing iron, and especially used it for making weapons.

The same method is valid today. Ereğli Demir Çelik, which produces flat products in the blast furnace in our country, Karabük and İskenderun Demir Çelik facilities, which produce rebar, are producing from ore with a blast furnace. Thus, iron, whose oxygen is taken up by carbon, is collected at the bottom of the furnace. When a certain amount is reached, liquid metal is taken from the base. This is pig iron. It contains approximately 3% Carbon, 2% Silicon and 1% Manganese depending on the ore and production conditions. As such, it is poured into molds and sold for use in foundries. Or oxygen is blown in the converters (= converter) and the carbon is burned, then the rebar billet is obtained by adding the desired additives.

The rebar, often referred to as St 37, contains an average of approximately 0.15% Carbon, 0.20% Silicon 0.60% Manganese, and a square of 37 Kg. withstand the tensile load.

The iron-based alloy, which is made from ore after the converter, is called steel, by increasing the internal cleaning of the crucible furnaces and adding the desired additives to the specific purpose of use.

Today, due to the increase of iron scrap, steel is also produced in electric arc furnaces. Here, as in the production of ore, ladle furnace is used after melting.

The use of steel is one of the indicators of civilization. Production in China, which has just started its infrastructure investments; We can interpret that China is not the most civilized but has the highest civilization rate

STEEL QUALITY CLASSIFICATION

Besides iron, which is the main alloying element in steel, the most important alloying element is carbon. The maximum hardness that steel can reach after heat treatment is determined depending on the amount of carbon it contains. Two important elements after carbon are Silicon and Manganese. Apart from automat steels, two elements that are generally undesirable are Sulfur and Phosphorus. Steels containing these five elements are referred to as Carbon Steel. Then Chrome, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium and Boron are common alloying elements, except for tool steels. Steels with a total alloy value below 5% Alloy Steels (Example: 41Cr4, 16MnCr5), steels containing total alloying elements in excess of this value are called High Alloy Steels. (Example: X5CrNi18 8, X40CrMoV5 1)

Steel is not only defined by the alloying elements it contains or does not contain. Another important factor is the cleaning of the building. It is the grain size of the first and last solid structures.

Today, the expectations of automotive and similar industries from steel are that the raw material provider can clarify and report the following items.

. Chemical analysis

. Micro Cleaning Level

. Grain Size

. hardenability

. Hardness

However, a steel in which all these properties are determined and reported can be used in the production of reliable parts.

It can be divided into the following main classes according to the steel usage areas.

. Automat Steels

. Correctional Steels

. Spring Steels

. Cementation Steels

. Tool Steels

. Stainless Steels

IRON - STEEL MARKET

In 2007, our country's crude steel production reached 25.76 million tons, with an increase of 10.5% compared to 2006, and our country maintained its 11th place in the world crude steel production and 3rd place in the EU countries.

In the first half of the year, iron and steel exports decreased by 13.4% in terms of quantity and 48.6% in value terms, and decreased in the 3rd and 4th quarters and the value increase in our 2007 exports remained at the level of 31%.

As of the end of the year, the exports of the sector reached $ 11.4 billion, along with iron and steel, which is included in the export of iron and non-ferrous metals, and approximately 12.5 billion dollars, whereas iron and steel products consisting of long, flat and qualified steel products are not available yet Our exports of non-iron and steel products are estimated to be 14 million tons and $ 8.5 billion, while our imports will be 13 million tons and $ 9.5 billion. Considering the iron and steel products that are exported and used as inputs in the automotive, machinery and equipment and electrical-electronic sectors, and total iron and steel products exports in 2007, total iron and steel products reached $ 15.2 billion.

Although there was a contraction in domestic steel demand in the third quarter, the picture emerged after the general elections will provide new opportunities for the establishment of economic stability and sustainable development in the next 5 years, and that the steady growth will reflect on steel consumption as a rapid increase. up, parallel to the increase of domestic steel consumption of 400 kg level in the beyond that and consumption, thanks to an increase in the annual over 10% will be realized in production for Turkey, it is estimated the world will enter the top 10 largest steelmakers in between.

Thus, the Turkish steel industry has increased its production by 75% in the last 6 years between 2001 and 2007, and has achieved the position of the country that increased its production the most after China, among the 15 largest steel producers in the world. The increase in Turkey's production, around 58% of the increase in world steel production realized during the same period took place on 17 points. On the other hand, it is observed that the increase in world steel production, except China, which is around 20%, is about 3.5 times more.

In 2006, Turkey producing 3.3 million tons of flat products, consumption was around 9.8 million tons. The difference was met by importing 7.2 million tons of imports worth $ 4 billion.

As of 2007, Turkey's slab production capacity of 10.3 million tons and rolling capacity, there are 8.5 million tons. Apart from the ongoing transformation project in İsdemir and the slab production project completed in Çolakoğlu in 2007, many flat steel investments have been announced in the sector.

Considering the current projects, it is estimated that by 2010, our member organizations will put into operation 6.5 million tons of new slab and rolling capacity.

In addition to these, it has been announced that MMK-Atakaş partnership will establish an annual flat rolling capacity of 2.4 million tons, in Arcelor Mittal partnership, 4.8 million tons and Kibar Holding 2 million tons. It is known that Tezcan and Tat Metal are also working in this direction.

the timely completion of these investments, when in 2006, 9.8 million tons of Turkey's flat steel consumption in consideration of the increases will show up in the year 2010, the domestic flat steel production, can come to meet state domestic demand and in 2006, 2.5 billion dollars flats foreign trade open, since next year in entirely closed to the year 2010, Turkey's flat rolled products pass into the net exporter in the steel sector's payments to the closure of the deficit balance is considered to begin to contribute significantly. In other words, thanks to these developments, our steel industry has been experiencing the bottleneck in the balance of payments, not only by responding to domestic demand, but also by strengthening its net exporter position, thanks to the investments it has made on its feet, without any assistance from the State. will significantly contribute to its removal.

As a result of the investments for flat products announced one after another in 2007, it is considered that within the next 5 years, crude steel production capacity will be reached, and total crude steel production capacity of over 40 million tons will be reached.

In 2008, it is expected that our crude steel production will increase by 12-15% and our consumption and exports will increase by 10%.